GDS-H Hydrophilic Carbon Paper

High-Performance Hydrophilic Modification Solution Based on CeTech GDS Carbon Paper (Scientific Materials Station)

In applications such as flow batteries, electrochemical energy storage, electrocatalysis, and material synthesis, electrode wettability and interfacial transport properties play a critical role in system efficiency.

Based on high-quality CeTech GDS raw carbon paper, Scientific Materials Station has developed the GDS-H series hydrophilic carbon paper. Through a specialized surface hydrophilic treatment process, the material retains its original conductive carbon framework and mechanical strength while significantly improving wettability, specific surface area, and overall electrochemical performance.

The GDS-H series is especially suitable for applications requiring high liquid infiltration, abundant reactive interfaces, and fast mass transport. It is an important electrode substrate for flow batteries, battery research, electrocatalysis, electrolyzers, and functional material synthesis.

What is GDS-H Hydrophilic Carbon Paper?

GDS-H hydrophilic carbon paper is a functional carbon paper material developed by Scientific Materials Station based on the GDS raw carbon paper series (without MPL layer), using deep surface hydrophilic modification.

Through oxidation and surface activation processes, abundant oxygen-containing functional groups are introduced onto the carbon surface, including:

• Hydroxyl groups (–OH)

• Carboxyl groups (–COOH)

• Carbonyl groups (C=O)

• Ether and other polar functional groups

These active surface sites significantly enhance:

• Liquid wettability

• Electrolyte adsorption capability

• Interfacial reactivity

• BET specific surface area

• Electrochemical reaction efficiency

Compared with conventional hydrophobic carbon paper, GDS-H is more suitable for liquid-phase systems and electrochemical applications requiring strong wettability.

Core Advantages of GDS-H Hydrophilic Carbon Paper

1. Significantly Improved Wettability

Compared with conventional carbon paper, GDS-H provides:

• Rapid absorption of aqueous and polar electrolytes

• Reduced interfacial contact resistance

• Improved ion transport efficiency

• More uniform liquid distribution

Especially suitable for flow batteries and aqueous electrochemical systems.

2. Increased BET Surface Area

During hydrophilic activation, the surface develops more micro-structured active sites, resulting in:

• Increased surface roughness

• More active sites

• Significantly higher BET surface area

This is important for:

• Electrocatalysis

• Electrodeposition

• Catalyst support

• Material growth and deposition

3. Improved Overall Battery Performance

GDS-H hydrophilic carbon paper enhances:

• Electrolyte infiltration

• Electron/ion transport synergy

• Reaction uniformity

• Electrode utilization efficiency

Leading to improved:

• Rate capability

• Current density performance

• Energy efficiency

• Cycling stability

It performs particularly well in flow battery systems.

4. Retained Excellent Conductive Framework

GDS-H retains the original advantages of GDS carbon paper:

• High electrical conductivity

• High porosity

• Excellent mechanical strength

• Superior gas-liquid transport properties

Suitable for further processing and functional modification.

Technical Specifications of GDS Carbon Paper Substrate

Application Fields of GDS-H Hydrophilic Carbon Paper

Flow Batteries (VRFB / Iron-Chromium Systems)

GDS-H significantly improves:

• Electrolyte penetration

• Electrode reaction uniformity

• Current distribution

• Cycling stability

Enhancing overall system efficiency.

Aqueous and Metal Batteries

Suitable for:

• Zinc batteries

• Aqueous lithium batteries

• Sodium-ion batteries

• Metal-air batteries

Improves electrode wettability and ion transport efficiency.

Electrocatalysis and Electrolyzers

Widely used in:

• CO₂ reduction reactions (CO₂RR)

• Water splitting

• Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)

• Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)

Serves as catalyst support and electrode substrate.

Material Synthesis and Deposition

Oxygen-rich surface functional groups facilitate:

• Nanomaterial growth

• Metal deposition

• Polymer grafting

• Catalyst loading

Suitable for research and functional material development.

Customized Hydrophilic Treatment Available

Scientific Materials Station provides customizable solutions:

• Adjustable hydrophilicity levels

• Controlled oxidation degree

• Specified contact angle range

• Surface functional group tuning

• Custom sizing and cutting

• Batch stability processing

Material properties can be optimized according to customer system requirements.

Handling and Storage Recommendations

Storage Conditions

• Dry environment

• Away from light

• Sealed at room temperature

• Avoid long-term high humidity exposure

Usage Precautions

• Avoid oil contamination

• Handle with clean gloves

• Avoid repeated folding

• Use clean tools for handling

To maintain surface activity and consistency.

Summary

GDS-H hydrophilic carbon paper is a functionalized high-performance electrode material developed from GDS carbon paper by Scientific Materials Station. Through surface oxidation and hydrophilic activation, it achieves:

• Higher BET surface area

• Superior wettability

• Enhanced interfacial reactivity

• Improved overall electrochemical performance

It is widely used in flow batteries, electrocatalysis, electrolyzers, material synthesis, and advanced energy storage systems, providing a high-performance electrode substrate solution for both research and industrial applications.

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Partial references citing our materials (from Google Scholar)

Carbon Dioxide Reduction

1. ACS Nano Strain Relaxation in Metal Alloy Catalysts Steers the Product Selectivity of Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

The bipolar membrane (Fumasep FBM) in this paper was purchased from SCI Materials Hub, which was used in rechargeable Zn-CO₂ battery tests. The authors reported a strain relaxation strategy to determine lattice strains in bimetal MNi alloys (M = Pd, Ag, and Au) and realized an outstanding CO₂-to-CO Faradaic efficiency of 96.6% with outstanding activity and durability toward a Zn-CO₂ battery.

2. Front. Chem. Boosting Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Atomically Dispersed Nickel Catalyst

In this paper, Vulcan XC-72R was purchased from SCI Materials Hub. Vulcan XC 72R carbon is the most common catalyst support used in the anode and cathode electrodes of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC), Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC), Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC), Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC), and many more!

3. Adv. Mater. Partially Nitrided Ni Nanoclusters Achieve Energy-Efficient Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction to CO at Ultralow Overpotential

An AEM membrane (Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT, purchased from SCI Materials Hub) was activated in 1 M KOH for 24 h, washed with ultra-purity water prior to use.

4. Adv. Funct. Mater. Nanoconfined Molecular Catalysts in Integrated Gas Diffusion Electrodes for High-Current-Density CO₂ Electroreduction

In this paper (Supporting Information), an anion exchanged membrane (Fumasep FAB-PK-130 obtained from SCI Materials Hub (www.scimaterials.cn)) was used to separate the catholyte and anolyte chambers.

SCI Materials Hub: we also recommend our Fumasep FAB-PK-75 for the use in a flow cell.

5. Appl. Catal. B Efficient utilization of nickel single atoms for CO₂ electroreduction by constructing 3D interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon tube network

In this paper, the Nafion 117 membrane was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

6. Vacuum Modulable Cu(0)/Cu(I)/Cu(II) sites of Cu/C catalysts derived from MOF for highly selective CO₂ electroreduction to hydrocarbons

In this paper, Proton exchange membrane (Nafion 117), Nafion D520, and Toray 060 carbon paper were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

7. National Science Review Confinement of ionomer for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction via efficient mass transfer pathways

An anion exchange membrane (PiperION-A15-HCO3) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

8. Catalysis Communications Facilitating CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 through facile regulating {100} & {111} grain boundary of Cu2O

Carbon paper (TGPH060), membrane solution (Nafion D520), and ionic membrane (Nafion N117) were obtained from Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co., Ltd (a company under SCI Materials Hub).

Batteries

1. J. Mater. Chem. A Blocking polysulfides with a Janus Fe3C/N-CNF@RGO electrode via physiochemical confinement and catalytic conversion for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries

Graphene oxide (GO) in this paper was obtained from SCI Materials Hub. The authors introduced a Janus Fe3C/N-CNF@RGO electrode consisting of 1D Fe3C decorated N-doped carbon nanofibers (Fe3C/N-CNFs) side and 2D reduced graphene oxide (RGO) side as the free-standing carrier of Li2S6 catholyte to improve the overall electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries.

2. Joule A high-voltage and stable zinc-air battery enabled by dual-hydrophobic-induced proton shuttle shielding

This paper used more than 10 kinds of materials from SCI Materials Hub and the authors gave detailed properity comparsion.

The commercial IEMs of Fumasep FAB-PK-130 and Nafion N117 were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

Gas diffusion layers of GDL340 (CeTech) and SGL39BC (Sigracet) and Nafion dispersion (Nafion D520) were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

Zn foil (100 mm thickness) and Zn powder were obtained from the SCI Materials Hub.

Commercial 20% Pt/C, 40% Pt/C and IrO2 catalysts were also obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

3. Journal of Energy Chemistry Vanadium oxide nanospheres encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanofibers with morphology and defect dual-engineering toward advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries

In this paper, carbon cloth (W0S1011) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub. The flexible carbon cloth matrix guaranteed the stabilization of the electrode and improved the conductivity of the cathode.

4. Energy Storage Materials Defect-abundant commercializable 3D carbon papers for fabricating composite Li anode with high loading and long life

The 3D carbon paper (TGPH060 raw paper) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

5. Nanomaterials A Stable Rechargeable Aqueous Zn–Air Battery Enabled by Heterogeneous MoS2 Cathode Catalysts

Nafion D520 (5 wt%), and carbon paper (GDL340) were received from SCI-Materials-Hub.

6. SSRN An Axially Directed Cobalt-Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Polymer as High-Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Zn-Air Battery

Carbon cloth (W0S1011) and other electrochemical consumables required for air cathode were provided by SCI Materials Hub.

Oxygen Reduction Reaction

1. J. Chem. Eng. Superior Efficiency Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Acidic Media through Epoxy Group Adjacent to Co-O/C Active Centers on Carbon Black

In this paper, Vulcan XC 72 carbon black, ion membrane (Nafion N115, 127 μL), Nafion solution (D520, 5 wt%), and carbon paper (AvCarb GDS 2230 and Spectracarb 2050A-1050) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Gaining insight into the impact of electronic property and interface electrostatic field on ORR kinetics in alloy engineering via theoretical prognostication and experimental validation

The 20 wt% Pt3M (M = Cr, Co, Cu, Pd, Sn, and Ir) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub. This work places emphasis on the kinetics of the ORR concerning Pt3M (M = Cr, Co, Cu, Pd, Sn, and Ir) catalysts, and integrates theoretical prognostication and experimental validation to illuminate the fundamental principles of alloy engineering.

Water Electrolysis

1. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Gold as an efficient hydrogen isotope separation catalyst in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

The cathodic catalysts of Pt/C (20 wt%, 2–3 nm) and Au/C (20 wt%, 4–5 nm) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Small Science Silver Compositing Boosts Water Electrolysis Activity and Durability of RuO2 in a Proton-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzer

Two fiber felts (0.35 mm thickness, SCI Materials Hub) were used as the porous transport layers at both the cathode and the anode.

3. Advanced Functional Materials Hierarchical Crystalline/Amorphous Heterostructure MoNi/NiMoOx for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution with Industry-Level Activity and Stability

Anion-exchange membrane (FAA-3-PK-130) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub website.

Fuel Cells

1. Polymer Sub-two-micron ultrathin proton exchange membrane with reinforced mechanical strength

Gas diffusion electrode (60% Pt/C, Carbon paper) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

Characterization

1. Chemical Engineering Journal Electrochemical reconstitution of Prussian blue analogue for coupling furfural electro-oxidation with photo-assisted hydrogen evolution reaction

An Au nanoparticle film was deposited on the total reflecting plane of a single reflection ATR crystal (SCI Materials Hub, Wuhu, China) via sputter coater.