Research Grade Platinized Titanium Fiber Paper - Chemical Plating (also called research grade platinized titanium felt - Chemical Plating are primarily used in electrolyzer single cells and stacks as the flow field or diffuser material, particularly on the oxygen (anode) side. Since electrolyzer hardwares cannot use carbon-based gas diffusion layers (GDLs) at the oxygen evolution electrode due to immediate oxidation of carbon to CO2 (if the medium is acidic) or carbonate ions (if the medium is basic) during the electrolysis reaction, platinized titanium paper becomes an ideal candidate as the diffusion medium and also provide electrical contact between the anode catalyst layer and bipolar plate or current collector component at the anode side. Our platinized titanium papers are produced from titanium fibers that has been compressed to flattened form and annealed, ensuring a smooth, flat surface suitable for use in electrolyzer and have gone through our proprietary platinization process to extend the lifetime of titanium fiber paper greatly.

These Platinized Titanium Fiber Papers are manufatured, tested and selected by us (SCI Materials Hub) for high performance and high durable water electrolysis. The surface of titanium fibers were pre-treated to give more adhesion between the fibers and coating layer (Pt).

These platinum plated titanium fiber papers are manufactured, tested, and screened by us (SCI Materials Hub) for high-performance and durable water electrolysis. Pre treat the surface of titanium fibers to provide more adhesion between the fibers and the coating (Pt).

While the most industrial applications operate their electrolyzers in the anode-fed mode and this product makes an excellent diffusion medium for the oxygen evolution electrode, it can also be used as an ideal diffusion medium for researchers conducting cathode-fed electrolyzer research.

For unitized fuel cells or electrolyzers or regenerative electrochemical devices systems, platinized titanium paper can be used at anode or cathode as the diffusion medium. Electrochemical oxygen concentrators, electrochemical inerters, certain class of batteries such as redox flow batteries, etc. can also benefit from this product as the diffusion medium regardless of the nature of the reactants.

When Should I use a Platinized Titanium Fiber Paper?
Untreated titanium paper will not be consumed as a carbon gas diffusion layer (GDL) will (in an electrolysis setup), however, the presence of the oxygen does have an impact if the electrolyzer is being operated at slightly higher pressures than ambient pressure (1 bar to 3 bars). Untreated titanium surface will quickly form an electrically insulation oxide layer (TiO2) under high O2 pressures that will eventually affect the efficiency of the overall system. This oxide coating will behave as an electrical insulator and will therefore increase the interfacial resistance in the cell, thereby lowering the electrochemical performance.

The oxidation of titanium can be prevented by gold coating or platinum coating. The surface platinization of titanium generates a coating that is electrically conductive and chemically stable under regular electrolysis operational conditions and extends the lifetime of the bulk of titanium, which is ideal for applications that demand high performance and long lifetime. Prevention of the formation of TiO2 would greatly stabilize the electrochemical performance of the electrolyzer or the intended electrochemical device.

Function of the Platinum Coating for This Product
The main functionality of the platinum coating is to maintain the electrical conductivity of the substrate itself for demanding applications such as longer operational lifetime or pressurized electrolyzer (up to 100 psi) applications. In the industry, it has been observed that platinized titanium fiber paper products can be used at the anode side of the PEM electrolyzer hardware at such pressure values. Higher pressures than 100 psi would create safety issues for titanium fiber paper substrate in presence of pure oxygen even if the environment is fully wetted. Platinum coating does not have a continuous layer for its structure. The estimated platinum metal loading for this product is approximately 60-80 micrograms per cm2 of the substrate's physical dimensions.

Catalytic Activity of the Platinum Coating for this Product
The platinum coating in this product does not have any catalytic activity. Catalysis requires the material of interest to have sufficient surface defects and also sufficient loading for the catalytically active component. Platinum particles in the coating does not have the essential surface defects and has zero catalytic activity for most chemical or electrochemical reactions and hence, this product should not be used for catalysis reactions or applications that require catalytically active materials.

Specifications of Platinized Titanium Fiber Paper:

- Based on the Titanium Fiber Paper with porosity 60-70%

- Thickness: 0.25, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mm (uncompressed height)
- Dimensions: Various sizes available.

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Partial references citing our materials (from Google Scholar)

Carbon Dioxide Reduction

1. ACS Nano Strain Relaxation in Metal Alloy Catalysts Steers the Product Selectivity of Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

The bipolar membrane (Fumasep FBM) in this paper was purchased from SCI Materials Hub, which was used in rechargeable Zn-CO₂ battery tests. The authors reported a strain relaxation strategy to determine lattice strains in bimetal MNi alloys (M = Pd, Ag, and Au) and realized an outstanding CO₂-to-CO Faradaic efficiency of 96.6% with outstanding activity and durability toward a Zn-CO₂ battery.

2. Front. Chem. Boosting Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Atomically Dispersed Nickel Catalyst

In this paper, Vulcan XC-72R was purchased from SCI Materials Hub. Vulcan XC 72R carbon is the most common catalyst support used in the anode and cathode electrodes of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC), Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC), Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC), Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC), and many more!

3. Adv. Mater. Partially Nitrided Ni Nanoclusters Achieve Energy-Efficient Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction to CO at Ultralow Overpotential

An AEM membrane (Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT, purchased from SCI Materials Hub) was activated in 1 M KOH for 24 h, washed with ultra-purity water prior to use.

4. Adv. Funct. Mater. Nanoconfined Molecular Catalysts in Integrated Gas Diffusion Electrodes for High-Current-Density CO₂ Electroreduction

In this paper (Supporting Information), an anion exchanged membrane (Fumasep FAB-PK-130 obtained from SCI Materials Hub (www.scimaterials.cn)) was used to separate the catholyte and anolyte chambers.

SCI Materials Hub: we also recommend our Fumasep FAB-PK-75 for the use in a flow cell.

5. Appl. Catal. B Efficient utilization of nickel single atoms for CO₂ electroreduction by constructing 3D interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon tube network

In this paper, the Nafion 117 membrane was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

6. Vacuum Modulable Cu(0)/Cu(I)/Cu(II) sites of Cu/C catalysts derived from MOF for highly selective CO₂ electroreduction to hydrocarbons

In this paper, Proton exchange membrane (Nafion 117), Nafion D520, and Toray 060 carbon paper were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

7. National Science Review Confinement of ionomer for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction via efficient mass transfer pathways

An anion exchange membrane (PiperION-A15-HCO3) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

8. Catalysis Communications Facilitating CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 through facile regulating {100} & {111} grain boundary of Cu2O

Carbon paper (TGPH060), membrane solution (Nafion D520), and ionic membrane (Nafion N117) were obtained from Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co., Ltd (a company under SCI Materials Hub).

Batteries

1. J. Mater. Chem. A Blocking polysulfides with a Janus Fe3C/N-CNF@RGO electrode via physiochemical confinement and catalytic conversion for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries

Graphene oxide (GO) in this paper was obtained from SCI Materials Hub. The authors introduced a Janus Fe3C/N-CNF@RGO electrode consisting of 1D Fe3C decorated N-doped carbon nanofibers (Fe3C/N-CNFs) side and 2D reduced graphene oxide (RGO) side as the free-standing carrier of Li2S6 catholyte to improve the overall electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries.

2. Joule A high-voltage and stable zinc-air battery enabled by dual-hydrophobic-induced proton shuttle shielding

This paper used more than 10 kinds of materials from SCI Materials Hub and the authors gave detailed properity comparsion.

The commercial IEMs of Fumasep FAB-PK-130 and Nafion N117 were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

Gas diffusion layers of GDL340 (CeTech) and SGL39BC (Sigracet) and Nafion dispersion (Nafion D520) were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

Zn foil (100 mm thickness) and Zn powder were obtained from the SCI Materials Hub.

Commercial 20% Pt/C, 40% Pt/C and IrO2 catalysts were also obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

3. Journal of Energy Chemistry Vanadium oxide nanospheres encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanofibers with morphology and defect dual-engineering toward advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries

In this paper, carbon cloth (W0S1011) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub. The flexible carbon cloth matrix guaranteed the stabilization of the electrode and improved the conductivity of the cathode.

4. Energy Storage Materials Defect-abundant commercializable 3D carbon papers for fabricating composite Li anode with high loading and long life

The 3D carbon paper (TGPH060 raw paper) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

5. Nanomaterials A Stable Rechargeable Aqueous Zn–Air Battery Enabled by Heterogeneous MoS2 Cathode Catalysts

Nafion D520 (5 wt%), and carbon paper (GDL340) were received from SCI-Materials-Hub.

6. SSRN An Axially Directed Cobalt-Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Polymer as High-Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Zn-Air Battery

Carbon cloth (W0S1011) and other electrochemical consumables required for air cathode were provided by SCI Materials Hub.

Oxygen Reduction Reaction

1. J. Chem. Eng. Superior Efficiency Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Acidic Media through Epoxy Group Adjacent to Co-O/C Active Centers on Carbon Black

In this paper, Vulcan XC 72 carbon black, ion membrane (Nafion N115, 127 μL), Nafion solution (D520, 5 wt%), and carbon paper (AvCarb GDS 2230 and Spectracarb 2050A-1050) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Gaining insight into the impact of electronic property and interface electrostatic field on ORR kinetics in alloy engineering via theoretical prognostication and experimental validation

The 20 wt% Pt3M (M = Cr, Co, Cu, Pd, Sn, and Ir) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub. This work places emphasis on the kinetics of the ORR concerning Pt3M (M = Cr, Co, Cu, Pd, Sn, and Ir) catalysts, and integrates theoretical prognostication and experimental validation to illuminate the fundamental principles of alloy engineering.

Water Electrolysis

1. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Gold as an efficient hydrogen isotope separation catalyst in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

The cathodic catalysts of Pt/C (20 wt%, 2–3 nm) and Au/C (20 wt%, 4–5 nm) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Small Science Silver Compositing Boosts Water Electrolysis Activity and Durability of RuO2 in a Proton-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzer

Two fiber felts (0.35 mm thickness, SCI Materials Hub) were used as the porous transport layers at both the cathode and the anode.

3. Advanced Functional Materials Hierarchical Crystalline/Amorphous Heterostructure MoNi/NiMoOx for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution with Industry-Level Activity and Stability

Anion-exchange membrane (FAA-3-PK-130) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub website.

Fuel Cells

1. Polymer Sub-two-micron ultrathin proton exchange membrane with reinforced mechanical strength

Gas diffusion electrode (60% Pt/C, Carbon paper) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

Characterization

1. Chemical Engineering Journal Electrochemical reconstitution of Prussian blue analogue for coupling furfural electro-oxidation with photo-assisted hydrogen evolution reaction

An Au nanoparticle film was deposited on the total reflecting plane of a single reflection ATR crystal (SCI Materials Hub, Wuhu, China) via sputter coater.