In an Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) water electrolysis system, selecting the appropriate electrode materials and binders is crucial for optimizing electrolysis efficiency and stability. The DiffuCarb™ E111 CoFeOx-carbon paper electrode (AEMWE), due to its excellent catalytic performance and cost-effectiveness, has become a research focus. This electrode can also be used in alkaline (ALK) water electrolysis.

For the DiffuCarb™ E111 CoFeOx-carbon paper electrode (AEMWE), different types of carbon paper and binder combinations can achieve distinct electrochemical properties and application scenarios. Below is a detailed description of the advantages of using F200T hydrophobic carbon paper + PTFE binder and F200P platinum-coated carbon paper + Nafion binder.

1. DiffuCarb™ E111T CoFeOx-Carbon Paper Electrode (Hydrophobic Interface, AEMWE) with F200T Hydrophobic Carbon Paper + PTFE Binder

Role of PTFE:

• Enhanced Durability: PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) offers outstanding chemical stability and corrosion resistance, especially under the high pH conditions of alkaline water electrolysis. Using PTFE as a binder effectively prevents the catalyst and carbon paper substrate from excessive oxidation, maintaining the electrode's long-term stability and activity.
• High-Temperature Resistance: PTFE can maintain its physical and chemical stability at temperatures as high as 150°C or even higher, making it ideal for high-temperature water electrolysis applications. When used under high-temperature conditions, PTFE not only improves reaction rates but also reduces electrode degradation, extending the equipment's service life.
• Hydrophobicity: The combination of F200T hydrophobic carbon paper and PTFE’s hydrophobic characteristics helps efficiently manage water and gas distribution on the electrode surface. The hydrophobic surface reduces water film accumulation on the electrode, ensuring rapid gas escape (oxygen and hydrogen), which improves gas diffusion efficiency. This water management property is crucial for preventing bubble clogging and performance degradation.

2. DiffuCarb™ E111PT CoFeOx-Platinum Coated Carbon Paper Electrode (AEMWE) with F200P Platinum-Coated Carbon Paper + Nafion Binder

Role of Nafion:

• High Ionic Conductivity: Nafion is a proton exchange membrane material with high ionic conductivity. During water electrolysis, Nafion effectively promotes OH⁻ ion conduction, enhancing the electrochemical reaction rate at the electrode. This leads to higher current densities and faster reaction rates, thereby improving overall electrolysis efficiency.
• Good Catalyst Adhesion: The adhesive properties of Nafion ensure that the catalyst firmly attaches to the carbon paper substrate, ensuring uniform distribution and stability of the catalyst particles. Combined with F200P platinum-coated carbon paper, Nafion also provides enhanced electron conduction pathways and catalytic surface area, boosting catalyst activity and overall electrode performance.
• Improved Electrode Stability: Although Nafion may degrade under high-temperature conditions, its combination with platinum-coated carbon paper enhances its electrochemical stability at moderate temperatures, making it suitable for typical AEM water electrolysis operations.

Application Scenarios and Performance Optimization

F200T Hydrophobic Carbon Paper + PTFE Binder:This combination is ideal for AEM water electrolysis applications under high temperature and high current density conditions. The high-temperature tolerance and chemical stability of PTFE ensure that the electrode remains stable during long-term operation, making it suitable for industrial hydrogen production and wastewater treatment applications that require high durability.

F200P Platinum-Coated Carbon Paper + Nafion Binder:This combination is well-suited for electrolysis systems that require high efficiency and rapid reactions. Its high ionic conductivity and excellent catalyst adhesion make it particularly suitable for laboratory-scale and medium-scale hydrogen production applications or environments where reaction efficiency is crucial under more moderate operational conditions.

Conclusion

Choosing the right combination of carbon paper and binder is critical for optimizing the performance of CoFeOx-carbon paper electrodes in AEM water electrolysis. The F200T hydrophobic carbon paper with PTFE binder offers high-temperature stability and durability, preventing excessive oxidation and meeting high-temperature operational needs. The F200P platinum-coated carbon paper with Nafion binder provides high ionic conductivity and enhanced electrocatalytic performance, enabling more efficient water electrolysis reactions. These two configurations optimize electrode performance under different operating conditions, ensuring the stability and high efficiency of the water electrolysis system.

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Note: F200T is hydrophobic carbon paper, while F200PT is platinum-coated carbon paper (default 0.1 mg/cm² Pt).

For AEM applications, users can customize other types of binders, such as Fumion, PiperION, etc.

The thickness of the carbon paper substrate can be customized: 0.1-1.5 mm. Brand customization is available: Fueiceel®, Toray, AvCarb, etc.

The following information can be customized according to user requirements:

1.Catalyst loading

2.Types and models of catalyst brands

3.Brands, models, and ratios of ionomers or binders

4.Brands and models of carbon paper, etc.

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Partial references citing our materials (from Google Scholar)

Carbon Dioxide Reduction

1. ACS Nano Strain Relaxation in Metal Alloy Catalysts Steers the Product Selectivity of Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

The bipolar membrane (Fumasep FBM) in this paper was purchased from SCI Materials Hub, which was used in rechargeable Zn-CO₂ battery tests. The authors reported a strain relaxation strategy to determine lattice strains in bimetal MNi alloys (M = Pd, Ag, and Au) and realized an outstanding CO₂-to-CO Faradaic efficiency of 96.6% with outstanding activity and durability toward a Zn-CO₂ battery.

2. Front. Chem. Boosting Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Atomically Dispersed Nickel Catalyst

In this paper, Vulcan XC-72R was purchased from SCI Materials Hub. Vulcan XC 72R carbon is the most common catalyst support used in the anode and cathode electrodes of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC), Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC), Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC), Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC), and many more!

3. Adv. Mater. Partially Nitrided Ni Nanoclusters Achieve Energy-Efficient Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction to CO at Ultralow Overpotential

An AEM membrane (Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT, purchased from SCI Materials Hub) was activated in 1 M KOH for 24 h, washed with ultra-purity water prior to use.

4. Adv. Funct. Mater. Nanoconfined Molecular Catalysts in Integrated Gas Diffusion Electrodes for High-Current-Density CO₂ Electroreduction

In this paper (Supporting Information), an anion exchanged membrane (Fumasep FAB-PK-130 obtained from SCI Materials Hub (www.scimaterials.cn)) was used to separate the catholyte and anolyte chambers.

SCI Materials Hub: we also recommend our Fumasep FAB-PK-75 for the use in a flow cell.

5. Appl. Catal. B Efficient utilization of nickel single atoms for CO₂ electroreduction by constructing 3D interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon tube network

In this paper, the Nafion 117 membrane was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

6. Vacuum Modulable Cu(0)/Cu(I)/Cu(II) sites of Cu/C catalysts derived from MOF for highly selective CO₂ electroreduction to hydrocarbons

In this paper, Proton exchange membrane (Nafion 117), Nafion D520, and Toray 060 carbon paper were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

7. National Science Review Confinement of ionomer for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction via efficient mass transfer pathways

An anion exchange membrane (PiperION-A15-HCO3) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

8. Catalysis Communications Facilitating CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 through facile regulating {100} & {111} grain boundary of Cu2O

Carbon paper (TGPH060), membrane solution (Nafion D520), and ionic membrane (Nafion N117) were obtained from Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co., Ltd (a company under SCI Materials Hub).

Batteries

1. J. Mater. Chem. A Blocking polysulfides with a Janus Fe3C/N-CNF@RGO electrode via physiochemical confinement and catalytic conversion for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries

Graphene oxide (GO) in this paper was obtained from SCI Materials Hub. The authors introduced a Janus Fe3C/N-CNF@RGO electrode consisting of 1D Fe3C decorated N-doped carbon nanofibers (Fe3C/N-CNFs) side and 2D reduced graphene oxide (RGO) side as the free-standing carrier of Li2S6 catholyte to improve the overall electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries.

2. Joule A high-voltage and stable zinc-air battery enabled by dual-hydrophobic-induced proton shuttle shielding

This paper used more than 10 kinds of materials from SCI Materials Hub and the authors gave detailed properity comparsion.

The commercial IEMs of Fumasep FAB-PK-130 and Nafion N117 were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

Gas diffusion layers of GDL340 (CeTech) and SGL39BC (Sigracet) and Nafion dispersion (Nafion D520) were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

Zn foil (100 mm thickness) and Zn powder were obtained from the SCI Materials Hub.

Commercial 20% Pt/C, 40% Pt/C and IrO2 catalysts were also obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

3. Journal of Energy Chemistry Vanadium oxide nanospheres encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanofibers with morphology and defect dual-engineering toward advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries

In this paper, carbon cloth (W0S1011) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub. The flexible carbon cloth matrix guaranteed the stabilization of the electrode and improved the conductivity of the cathode.

4. Energy Storage Materials Defect-abundant commercializable 3D carbon papers for fabricating composite Li anode with high loading and long life

The 3D carbon paper (TGPH060 raw paper) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

5. Nanomaterials A Stable Rechargeable Aqueous Zn–Air Battery Enabled by Heterogeneous MoS2 Cathode Catalysts

Nafion D520 (5 wt%), and carbon paper (GDL340) were received from SCI-Materials-Hub.

6. SSRN An Axially Directed Cobalt-Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Polymer as High-Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Zn-Air Battery

Carbon cloth (W0S1011) and other electrochemical consumables required for air cathode were provided by SCI Materials Hub.

Oxygen Reduction Reaction

1. J. Chem. Eng. Superior Efficiency Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Acidic Media through Epoxy Group Adjacent to Co-O/C Active Centers on Carbon Black

In this paper, Vulcan XC 72 carbon black, ion membrane (Nafion N115, 127 μL), Nafion solution (D520, 5 wt%), and carbon paper (AvCarb GDS 2230 and Spectracarb 2050A-1050) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Gaining insight into the impact of electronic property and interface electrostatic field on ORR kinetics in alloy engineering via theoretical prognostication and experimental validation

The 20 wt% Pt3M (M = Cr, Co, Cu, Pd, Sn, and Ir) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub. This work places emphasis on the kinetics of the ORR concerning Pt3M (M = Cr, Co, Cu, Pd, Sn, and Ir) catalysts, and integrates theoretical prognostication and experimental validation to illuminate the fundamental principles of alloy engineering.

Water Electrolysis

1. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Gold as an efficient hydrogen isotope separation catalyst in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

The cathodic catalysts of Pt/C (20 wt%, 2–3 nm) and Au/C (20 wt%, 4–5 nm) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Small Science Silver Compositing Boosts Water Electrolysis Activity and Durability of RuO2 in a Proton-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzer

Two fiber felts (0.35 mm thickness, SCI Materials Hub) were used as the porous transport layers at both the cathode and the anode.

3. Advanced Functional Materials Hierarchical Crystalline/Amorphous Heterostructure MoNi/NiMoOx for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution with Industry-Level Activity and Stability

Anion-exchange membrane (FAA-3-PK-130) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub website.

Fuel Cells

1. Polymer Sub-two-micron ultrathin proton exchange membrane with reinforced mechanical strength

Gas diffusion electrode (60% Pt/C, Carbon paper) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

Characterization

1. Chemical Engineering Journal Electrochemical reconstitution of Prussian blue analogue for coupling furfural electro-oxidation with photo-assisted hydrogen evolution reaction

An Au nanoparticle film was deposited on the total reflecting plane of a single reflection ATR crystal (SCI Materials Hub, Wuhu, China) via sputter coater.