DiffuCarb™ E243c Platinum-Ruthenium Carbon (High Surface Area) - Carbon Paper (Electrolysis Electrode) consists of a high surface area platinum-ruthenium carbon catalyst and an A330R carbon paper substrate, with Nafion used as the catalyst binder. This electrode is suitable for various electrolysis systems, including Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) water electrolysis, Alkaline (ALK) water electrolysis, and Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) water electrolysis. For AEM and ALK electrolysis, users can also choose DiffuCarb™ E256c Platinum-Ruthenium/High Surface Area Carbon - Carbon Paper Electrode (MGL370, AEMFC).

Additionally, we have developed the E243a, E243b, and other series, which differ in the type of catalyst used.

The carbon paper substrate is selected from our standard A330R carbon paper, with alternatives available upon request, including Toray (030/060/090/120/050/1.1), AvCarb (MGL190/280/370), CP-H450/H850, and others.

Here are the main features and advantages of this electrode:

1. Platinum-Ruthenium Carbon Catalyst

   • High Surface Area: The platinum-ruthenium carbon catalyst features a high surface area structure, providing more active sites that enhance the efficiency of the water electrolysis reaction. This high surface area allows for higher catalytic activity even at lower voltages, enabling efficient water splitting.
   • Platinum-Ruthenium Alloy Synergy: The platinum-ruthenium alloy improves the catalyst's oxidation resistance and enhances its catalytic activity for both Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). The introduction of ruthenium reduces the amount of platinum required (lowering costs) and improves the catalyst's overall durability and resistance to poisoning.

2. A330R Carbon Paper Substrate

   • Conductivity and Mechanical Strength: A330R carbon paper offers excellent conductivity, effectively transmitting current to the catalyst sites, thus minimizing resistance losses. Additionally, its high mechanical strength ensures the electrode maintains structural stability during prolonged electrolysis, resisting damage or deformation.
   • Hydrophilic Surface: The hydrophilic nature of A330R carbon paper promotes electrolyte penetration and efficient bubble expulsion, which is crucial for improving electrolysis efficiency and maintaining electrode activity.

3. Nafion Binder

   • Proton Conductivity: Nafion, a polymer membrane material with excellent proton conductivity, not only helps evenly distribute the platinum-ruthenium carbon catalyst but also improves the overall proton conductivity of the electrode. This reduces internal resistance and enhances electrolysis efficiency.
   • Chemical Stability: Nafion remains chemically stable in acidic, alkaline, and high-potential environments, making it resistant to corrosion. This chemical stability ensures that the electrode can operate efficiently in a variety of electrolysis systems (AEM, ALK, PEM) over the long term.

4. Applicability

   • AEM Water Electrolysis: In AEM systems, the electrode operates in an alkaline environment. The high activity of the platinum-ruthenium carbon catalyst and the chemical stability of Nafion ensure long-lasting and efficient electrolysis.
   • ALK Water Electrolysis: For traditional alkaline water electrolysis systems, this electrode effectively catalyzes water splitting reactions. The high efficiency of the platinum-ruthenium alloy catalyst enables the generation of hydrogen and oxygen at lower current densities.
   • PEM Water Electrolysis: In PEM systems, Nafion, as both a proton exchange membrane and binder, improves proton conductivity and, in synergy with the platinum-ruthenium carbon catalyst, enhances overall electrode performance, making it suitable for efficient hydrogen production.

5. Summary of Advantages

   • High Efficiency: The high surface area platinum-ruthenium carbon catalyst enables efficient water electrolysis even at low voltages, reducing energy consumption and increasing gas production rates.
   • Versatility: The electrode design is suitable for AEM, ALK, and PEM electrolysis systems, demonstrating good adaptability and versatility.
   • Durability and Stability: Nafion’s corrosion resistance and the oxidation resistance of the platinum-ruthenium catalyst ensure the electrode’s stability during long-term operation, minimizing performance degradation.
   • Cost-Effectiveness: By using a platinum-ruthenium alloy instead of pure platinum, the electrode reduces the amount of precious metal used, thus lowering overall costs while maintaining high performance.

Application Prospects
The DiffuCarb™ E243c Platinum-Ruthenium Carbon (High Surface Area) - Carbon Paper (Electrolysis Electrode) combines high catalytic activity with stability, making it suitable for future green hydrogen production, renewable energy storage, zero-emission fuel cell technology, and industrial hydrogen production. This electrode’s design and optimization provide strong support for the commercialization of water electrolysis technology, helping to promote the development of a sustainable hydrogen economy.

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For AEM applications, users can customize other types of adhesives, such as Fumion, PiperION et al

Carbon paper substrate thickness can be customized: 0.1-1.5mm, brand can be customized: DiffuCarb®、 Toray, AvCarb, etc

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Partial references citing our materials (from Google Scholar)

Carbon Dioxide Reduction

1. ACS Nano Strain Relaxation in Metal Alloy Catalysts Steers the Product Selectivity of Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

The bipolar membrane (Fumasep FBM) in this paper was purchased from SCI Materials Hub, which was used in rechargeable Zn-CO₂ battery tests. The authors reported a strain relaxation strategy to determine lattice strains in bimetal MNi alloys (M = Pd, Ag, and Au) and realized an outstanding CO₂-to-CO Faradaic efficiency of 96.6% with outstanding activity and durability toward a Zn-CO₂ battery.

2. Front. Chem. Boosting Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Atomically Dispersed Nickel Catalyst

In this paper, Vulcan XC-72R was purchased from SCI Materials Hub. Vulcan XC 72R carbon is the most common catalyst support used in the anode and cathode electrodes of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC), Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC), Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC), Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC), and many more!

3. Adv. Mater. Partially Nitrided Ni Nanoclusters Achieve Energy-Efficient Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction to CO at Ultralow Overpotential

An AEM membrane (Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT, purchased from SCI Materials Hub) was activated in 1 M KOH for 24 h, washed with ultra-purity water prior to use.

4. Adv. Funct. Mater. Nanoconfined Molecular Catalysts in Integrated Gas Diffusion Electrodes for High-Current-Density CO₂ Electroreduction

In this paper (Supporting Information), an anion exchanged membrane (Fumasep FAB-PK-130 obtained from SCI Materials Hub (www.scimaterials.cn)) was used to separate the catholyte and anolyte chambers.

SCI Materials Hub: we also recommend our Fumasep FAB-PK-75 for the use in a flow cell.

5. Appl. Catal. B Efficient utilization of nickel single atoms for CO₂ electroreduction by constructing 3D interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon tube network

In this paper, the Nafion 117 membrane was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

6. Vacuum Modulable Cu(0)/Cu(I)/Cu(II) sites of Cu/C catalysts derived from MOF for highly selective CO₂ electroreduction to hydrocarbons

In this paper, Proton exchange membrane (Nafion 117), Nafion D520, and Toray 060 carbon paper were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

7. National Science Review Confinement of ionomer for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction via efficient mass transfer pathways

An anion exchange membrane (PiperION-A15-HCO3) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

8. Catalysis Communications Facilitating CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 through facile regulating {100} & {111} grain boundary of Cu2O

Carbon paper (TGPH060), membrane solution (Nafion D520), and ionic membrane (Nafion N117) were obtained from Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co., Ltd (a company under SCI Materials Hub).

Batteries

1. J. Mater. Chem. A Blocking polysulfides with a Janus Fe3C/N-CNF@RGO electrode via physiochemical confinement and catalytic conversion for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries

Graphene oxide (GO) in this paper was obtained from SCI Materials Hub. The authors introduced a Janus Fe3C/N-CNF@RGO electrode consisting of 1D Fe3C decorated N-doped carbon nanofibers (Fe3C/N-CNFs) side and 2D reduced graphene oxide (RGO) side as the free-standing carrier of Li2S6 catholyte to improve the overall electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries.

2. Joule A high-voltage and stable zinc-air battery enabled by dual-hydrophobic-induced proton shuttle shielding

This paper used more than 10 kinds of materials from SCI Materials Hub and the authors gave detailed properity comparsion.

The commercial IEMs of Fumasep FAB-PK-130 and Nafion N117 were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

Gas diffusion layers of GDL340 (CeTech) and SGL39BC (Sigracet) and Nafion dispersion (Nafion D520) were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

Zn foil (100 mm thickness) and Zn powder were obtained from the SCI Materials Hub.

Commercial 20% Pt/C, 40% Pt/C and IrO2 catalysts were also obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

3. Journal of Energy Chemistry Vanadium oxide nanospheres encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanofibers with morphology and defect dual-engineering toward advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries

In this paper, carbon cloth (W0S1011) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub. The flexible carbon cloth matrix guaranteed the stabilization of the electrode and improved the conductivity of the cathode.

4. Energy Storage Materials Defect-abundant commercializable 3D carbon papers for fabricating composite Li anode with high loading and long life

The 3D carbon paper (TGPH060 raw paper) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

5. Nanomaterials A Stable Rechargeable Aqueous Zn–Air Battery Enabled by Heterogeneous MoS2 Cathode Catalysts

Nafion D520 (5 wt%), and carbon paper (GDL340) were received from SCI-Materials-Hub.

6. SSRN An Axially Directed Cobalt-Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Polymer as High-Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Zn-Air Battery

Carbon cloth (W0S1011) and other electrochemical consumables required for air cathode were provided by SCI Materials Hub.

Oxygen Reduction Reaction

1. J. Chem. Eng. Superior Efficiency Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Acidic Media through Epoxy Group Adjacent to Co-O/C Active Centers on Carbon Black

In this paper, Vulcan XC 72 carbon black, ion membrane (Nafion N115, 127 μL), Nafion solution (D520, 5 wt%), and carbon paper (AvCarb GDS 2230 and Spectracarb 2050A-1050) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Gaining insight into the impact of electronic property and interface electrostatic field on ORR kinetics in alloy engineering via theoretical prognostication and experimental validation

The 20 wt% Pt3M (M = Cr, Co, Cu, Pd, Sn, and Ir) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub. This work places emphasis on the kinetics of the ORR concerning Pt3M (M = Cr, Co, Cu, Pd, Sn, and Ir) catalysts, and integrates theoretical prognostication and experimental validation to illuminate the fundamental principles of alloy engineering.

Water Electrolysis

1. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Gold as an efficient hydrogen isotope separation catalyst in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

The cathodic catalysts of Pt/C (20 wt%, 2–3 nm) and Au/C (20 wt%, 4–5 nm) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Small Science Silver Compositing Boosts Water Electrolysis Activity and Durability of RuO2 in a Proton-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzer

Two fiber felts (0.35 mm thickness, SCI Materials Hub) were used as the porous transport layers at both the cathode and the anode.

3. Advanced Functional Materials Hierarchical Crystalline/Amorphous Heterostructure MoNi/NiMoOx for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution with Industry-Level Activity and Stability

Anion-exchange membrane (FAA-3-PK-130) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub website.

Fuel Cells

1. Polymer Sub-two-micron ultrathin proton exchange membrane with reinforced mechanical strength

Gas diffusion electrode (60% Pt/C, Carbon paper) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

Characterization

1. Chemical Engineering Journal Electrochemical reconstitution of Prussian blue analogue for coupling furfural electro-oxidation with photo-assisted hydrogen evolution reaction

An Au nanoparticle film was deposited on the total reflecting plane of a single reflection ATR crystal (SCI Materials Hub, Wuhu, China) via sputter coater.