DiffuCarb™ E244c Platinum-Ruthenium Black (High Surface Area) - Carbon Paper (Electrolyzer Electrode)

The DiffuCarb™ E244c platinum-ruthenium black (high surface area) catalyst is combined with A330R carbon paper substrate and Nafion as the catalyst binder. This design is suitable for various water electrolysis systems, including Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) water electrolysis, Alkaline (ALK) water electrolysis, and Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) water electrolysis.

For AEM and ALK water electrolysis, users can also opt for the DiffuCarb™ E257c platinum-ruthenium black (high surface area) - carbon paper electrode (MGL370, AEMFC).

Key Features and Benefits of the Electrode:

1. High Surface Area Platinum-Ruthenium Black Catalyst

   • High Surface Area: Platinum-ruthenium black is an alloy catalyst composed of platinum and ruthenium nanoparticles. This high surface area structure provides more active sites, effectively promoting the electrolysis of water and improving hydrogen and oxygen yield.
   • Synergistic Effect of Platinum-Ruthenium Alloy: The alloying of platinum and ruthenium enhances the catalytic activity and corrosion resistance. The inclusion of ruthenium reduces the use of expensive platinum, lowering costs while improving the catalyst's oxidation resistance. This makes platinum-ruthenium black highly effective in both Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER).

2. A330R Carbon Paper Substrate

   • Electrical Conductivity: A330R carbon paper offers excellent electronic conductivity, ensuring that current is effectively transmitted to the catalyst sites, reducing resistive losses and enhancing overall electrode performance.
   • Mechanical Strength and Structural Stability: A330R carbon paper possesses good mechanical strength, allowing it to maintain structural stability under high pressure conditions during the electrolysis process without deforming or breaking.
   • Hydrophilic Surface: The hydrophilic nature of A330R carbon paper aids in electrolyte penetration and rapid gas (hydrogen and oxygen) release, reducing bubble retention and improving reaction efficiency.

3. Nafion Binder

   • Proton Conductivity: Nafion is a well-known proton exchange membrane material with high proton conductivity. As a binder, it ensures even distribution of platinum-ruthenium black catalyst and enhances the overall proton conductivity of the electrode, reducing internal resistance and improving electrolysis efficiency.
   • Chemical and Thermal Stability: Nafion exhibits excellent chemical and thermal stability in acidic, alkaline, and high-temperature environments, allowing the electrode to operate reliably in AEM, ALK, and PEM water electrolysis systems.

4. Applicability

   • AEM Water Electrolysis: In AEM systems, the electrode operates under alkaline conditions. The high activity of the platinum-ruthenium black catalyst and the chemical stability of Nafion ensure efficient water electrolysis performance.
   • ALK Water Electrolysis: In traditional alkaline water electrolysis systems, platinum-ruthenium black effectively facilitates the water splitting reaction, offering superior reactivity and lower electrolysis voltage due to the high surface area catalyst.
   • PEM Water Electrolysis: In PEM systems, Nafion, as a proton exchange membrane, provides efficient proton conduction, complementing the platinum-ruthenium black catalyst to enhance overall electrode performance, suitable for efficient hydrogen production.

5. Summary of Advantages

   • High Efficiency: High surface area platinum-ruthenium black catalyst ensures efficient water electrolysis, achieving high yield even at low voltage.
   • Versatility: The electrode is suitable for AEM, ALK, and PEM water electrolysis systems, showing excellent adaptability and versatility.
   • Durability and Stability: The combination of Nafion binder and A330R carbon paper ensures long-term durability of the electrode, reducing catalyst loss and performance degradation.
   • Cost-Effectiveness: By using platinum-ruthenium alloy instead of pure platinum catalyst, it not only enhances the electrode's oxidation resistance but also reduces the usage of precious metals, optimizing costs.

Application Prospects:

The DiffuCarb™ E244c platinum-ruthenium black (high surface area) - carbon paper (electrolyzer electrode) combines excellent catalytic performance and durability, making it suitable for renewable energy conversion and storage, zero-emission hydrogen technologies, and industrial hydrogen production. Its high efficiency and stability across various water electrolysis technologies make it an essential component in advancing green hydrogen development and achieving a sustainable hydrogen economy. In the future, further optimization of catalyst structure and processes will improve the electrode's efficiency and stability, laying the foundation for large-scale commercial applications.

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For AEM applications, users can customize other types of adhesives, such as Fumion, PiperION et al

Carbon paper substrate thickness can be customized: 0.1-1.5mm, brand can be customized: DiffuCarb®、 Toray, AvCarb, etc

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Partial references citing our materials (from Google Scholar)

Carbon Dioxide Reduction

1. ACS Nano Strain Relaxation in Metal Alloy Catalysts Steers the Product Selectivity of Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

The bipolar membrane (Fumasep FBM) in this paper was purchased from SCI Materials Hub, which was used in rechargeable Zn-CO₂ battery tests. The authors reported a strain relaxation strategy to determine lattice strains in bimetal MNi alloys (M = Pd, Ag, and Au) and realized an outstanding CO₂-to-CO Faradaic efficiency of 96.6% with outstanding activity and durability toward a Zn-CO₂ battery.

2. Front. Chem. Boosting Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Atomically Dispersed Nickel Catalyst

In this paper, Vulcan XC-72R was purchased from SCI Materials Hub. Vulcan XC 72R carbon is the most common catalyst support used in the anode and cathode electrodes of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC), Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC), Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC), Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC), and many more!

3. Adv. Mater. Partially Nitrided Ni Nanoclusters Achieve Energy-Efficient Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction to CO at Ultralow Overpotential

An AEM membrane (Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT, purchased from SCI Materials Hub) was activated in 1 M KOH for 24 h, washed with ultra-purity water prior to use.

4. Adv. Funct. Mater. Nanoconfined Molecular Catalysts in Integrated Gas Diffusion Electrodes for High-Current-Density CO₂ Electroreduction

In this paper (Supporting Information), an anion exchanged membrane (Fumasep FAB-PK-130 obtained from SCI Materials Hub (www.scimaterials.cn)) was used to separate the catholyte and anolyte chambers.

SCI Materials Hub: we also recommend our Fumasep FAB-PK-75 for the use in a flow cell.

5. Appl. Catal. B Efficient utilization of nickel single atoms for CO₂ electroreduction by constructing 3D interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon tube network

In this paper, the Nafion 117 membrane was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

6. Vacuum Modulable Cu(0)/Cu(I)/Cu(II) sites of Cu/C catalysts derived from MOF for highly selective CO₂ electroreduction to hydrocarbons

In this paper, Proton exchange membrane (Nafion 117), Nafion D520, and Toray 060 carbon paper were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

7. National Science Review Confinement of ionomer for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction via efficient mass transfer pathways

An anion exchange membrane (PiperION-A15-HCO3) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

8. Catalysis Communications Facilitating CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 through facile regulating {100} & {111} grain boundary of Cu2O

Carbon paper (TGPH060), membrane solution (Nafion D520), and ionic membrane (Nafion N117) were obtained from Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co., Ltd (a company under SCI Materials Hub).

Batteries

1. J. Mater. Chem. A Blocking polysulfides with a Janus Fe3C/N-CNF@RGO electrode via physiochemical confinement and catalytic conversion for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries

Graphene oxide (GO) in this paper was obtained from SCI Materials Hub. The authors introduced a Janus Fe3C/N-CNF@RGO electrode consisting of 1D Fe3C decorated N-doped carbon nanofibers (Fe3C/N-CNFs) side and 2D reduced graphene oxide (RGO) side as the free-standing carrier of Li2S6 catholyte to improve the overall electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries.

2. Joule A high-voltage and stable zinc-air battery enabled by dual-hydrophobic-induced proton shuttle shielding

This paper used more than 10 kinds of materials from SCI Materials Hub and the authors gave detailed properity comparsion.

The commercial IEMs of Fumasep FAB-PK-130 and Nafion N117 were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

Gas diffusion layers of GDL340 (CeTech) and SGL39BC (Sigracet) and Nafion dispersion (Nafion D520) were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

Zn foil (100 mm thickness) and Zn powder were obtained from the SCI Materials Hub.

Commercial 20% Pt/C, 40% Pt/C and IrO2 catalysts were also obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

3. Journal of Energy Chemistry Vanadium oxide nanospheres encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanofibers with morphology and defect dual-engineering toward advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries

In this paper, carbon cloth (W0S1011) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub. The flexible carbon cloth matrix guaranteed the stabilization of the electrode and improved the conductivity of the cathode.

4. Energy Storage Materials Defect-abundant commercializable 3D carbon papers for fabricating composite Li anode with high loading and long life

The 3D carbon paper (TGPH060 raw paper) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

5. Nanomaterials A Stable Rechargeable Aqueous Zn–Air Battery Enabled by Heterogeneous MoS2 Cathode Catalysts

Nafion D520 (5 wt%), and carbon paper (GDL340) were received from SCI-Materials-Hub.

6. SSRN An Axially Directed Cobalt-Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Polymer as High-Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Zn-Air Battery

Carbon cloth (W0S1011) and other electrochemical consumables required for air cathode were provided by SCI Materials Hub.

Oxygen Reduction Reaction

1. J. Chem. Eng. Superior Efficiency Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Acidic Media through Epoxy Group Adjacent to Co-O/C Active Centers on Carbon Black

In this paper, Vulcan XC 72 carbon black, ion membrane (Nafion N115, 127 μL), Nafion solution (D520, 5 wt%), and carbon paper (AvCarb GDS 2230 and Spectracarb 2050A-1050) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Gaining insight into the impact of electronic property and interface electrostatic field on ORR kinetics in alloy engineering via theoretical prognostication and experimental validation

The 20 wt% Pt3M (M = Cr, Co, Cu, Pd, Sn, and Ir) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub. This work places emphasis on the kinetics of the ORR concerning Pt3M (M = Cr, Co, Cu, Pd, Sn, and Ir) catalysts, and integrates theoretical prognostication and experimental validation to illuminate the fundamental principles of alloy engineering.

Water Electrolysis

1. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Gold as an efficient hydrogen isotope separation catalyst in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

The cathodic catalysts of Pt/C (20 wt%, 2–3 nm) and Au/C (20 wt%, 4–5 nm) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Small Science Silver Compositing Boosts Water Electrolysis Activity and Durability of RuO2 in a Proton-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzer

Two fiber felts (0.35 mm thickness, SCI Materials Hub) were used as the porous transport layers at both the cathode and the anode.

3. Advanced Functional Materials Hierarchical Crystalline/Amorphous Heterostructure MoNi/NiMoOx for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution with Industry-Level Activity and Stability

Anion-exchange membrane (FAA-3-PK-130) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub website.

Fuel Cells

1. Polymer Sub-two-micron ultrathin proton exchange membrane with reinforced mechanical strength

Gas diffusion electrode (60% Pt/C, Carbon paper) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

Characterization

1. Chemical Engineering Journal Electrochemical reconstitution of Prussian blue analogue for coupling furfural electro-oxidation with photo-assisted hydrogen evolution reaction

An Au nanoparticle film was deposited on the total reflecting plane of a single reflection ATR crystal (SCI Materials Hub, Wuhu, China) via sputter coater.