⚡ Product Name: Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC)

Alias:
4-Fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one | 4-Fluoro-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane | 4-Fluoro-1,3-dioxacyclopentan-2-one

CAS No.: 114435-02-8
Molecular Formula: C₃H₃FO₃
Molecular Weight: 106.05

🔬 Product Inspection Data

🧊 Conversion of FEC from Solid to Liquid

FEC has a melting point of approximately 22 °C. When stored below this temperature (e.g., in winter or refrigerated conditions), it may appear as a crystalline solid or powder.

To convert it into liquid form:

• Room Temperature Recovery:
  Place the sample at 25–30 °C for several hours until it naturally melts.

• Mild Heating:
  Seal the container and place it in a water bath at 30–40 °C until fully liquefied.

⚠️ Note: Avoid high temperatures (≥60 °C) and prolonged heating to prevent decomposition.

🌟 Product Description

Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC) is a high-performance electrolyte additive with excellent film-forming capability and electrochemical stability.

• Typically a colorless transparent liquid at room temperature, but crystallizes into a white solid below its melting point.

• Widely used in lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and some solid-state battery systems.

• Effectively improves:

  • Cycle life

  • Rate performance

  • Low-temperature performance

📦 Storage Conditions

• Store in a sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place

• Avoid direct sunlight, heat, and moisture

• Use promptly after opening

• Remaining material should be stored under argon or nitrogen atmosphere

⚡ Usage Guidelines

• Recommended dosage: 2–10% (v/v), depending on battery system optimization

• Compatible with common carbonate solvents:

  • EC (Ethylene Carbonate)

  • DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)

  • EMC (Ethyl Methyl Carbonate)

• Works with lithium salts such as LiPF₆ to significantly improve SEI film quality

• Operating conditions:
  Anhydrous and oxygen-free environment (e.g., glovebox)

🧪 Electrolyte Preparation (Reference Procedure)

1. Prepare anhydrous solvents (e.g., EC, EMC, DMC) and high-purity lithium salt (LiPF₆) inside a glovebox

2. Mix solvents according to volume ratio (e.g., EC:DMC:EMC = 1:1:1)

3. Add FEC (typically ~5% v/v) and stir thoroughly

4. Add lithium salt (e.g., 1.0 M LiPF₆) and stir until fully dissolved

5. A stable electrolyte is obtained

❓ FAQ

Q1: What is the role of FEC in electrolytes?
A: FEC forms a stable and dense SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) on electrode surfaces, reducing side reactions and improving cycle life and safety.

Q2: What precautions should be taken during use?
A: FEC is highly hygroscopic and must be handled under inert atmosphere to avoid exposure to moisture and air.

Q3: What is the recommended dosage?
A: Typically 2–10%, depending on the battery system and performance requirements.

Q4: Is FEC suitable for sodium-ion or solid-state batteries?
A: Yes. FEC performs well in sodium-ion batteries and is also being explored for solid-state electrolyte systems.

💰 VoltXpert® Electrolyte Carbonate System – Price Overview

📊 High-Purity Solvents – Price Comparison Table

🧪 Functional Additive Pricing

📦 Packaging Information

• Small sizes (5g–500g): Moisture-proof sealed bottles

• Bulk packaging (10kg): Drum packaging

• FEC: Aluminum bottle / Fluorinated bottle (moisture-resistant)

✅ Support Services

✔ Invoice available
✔ Bulk ordering supported
✔ Custom packaging available

⚠️ Usage & Procurement Recommendations

• All solvents are high-purity / electronic grade, suitable for electrolyte systems

• Recommended pre-use treatment:
  ✔ Drying with 3Å molecular sieves (to further reduce trace moisture)

• FEC is highly hygroscopic:
  ✔ Recommended to purchase in small quantities and use promptly

📞 Contact Information

☎ Phone: +86 130-0303-8751 / +86 156-0553-2352
💬 WeChat: SCI-Materials-Hub
📧 Email: contact@scimaterials.cn

Partial references citing our materials (from Google Scholar)

Carbon Dioxide Reduction

1. ACS Nano Strain Relaxation in Metal Alloy Catalysts Steers the Product Selectivity of Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

The bipolar membrane (Fumasep FBM) in this paper was purchased from SCI Materials Hub, which was used in rechargeable Zn-CO₂ battery tests. The authors reported a strain relaxation strategy to determine lattice strains in bimetal MNi alloys (M = Pd, Ag, and Au) and realized an outstanding CO₂-to-CO Faradaic efficiency of 96.6% with outstanding activity and durability toward a Zn-CO₂ battery.

2. Front. Chem. Boosting Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Atomically Dispersed Nickel Catalyst

In this paper, Vulcan XC-72R was purchased from SCI Materials Hub. Vulcan XC 72R carbon is the most common catalyst support used in the anode and cathode electrodes of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC), Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC), Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC), Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC), and many more!

3. Adv. Mater. Partially Nitrided Ni Nanoclusters Achieve Energy-Efficient Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction to CO at Ultralow Overpotential

An AEM membrane (Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT, purchased from SCI Materials Hub) was activated in 1 M KOH for 24 h, washed with ultra-purity water prior to use.

4. Adv. Funct. Mater. Nanoconfined Molecular Catalysts in Integrated Gas Diffusion Electrodes for High-Current-Density CO₂ Electroreduction

In this paper (Supporting Information), an anion exchanged membrane (Fumasep FAB-PK-130 obtained from SCI Materials Hub (www.scimaterials.cn)) was used to separate the catholyte and anolyte chambers.

SCI Materials Hub: we also recommend our Fumasep FAB-PK-75 for the use in a flow cell.

5. Appl. Catal. B Efficient utilization of nickel single atoms for CO₂ electroreduction by constructing 3D interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon tube network

In this paper, the Nafion 117 membrane was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

6. Vacuum Modulable Cu(0)/Cu(I)/Cu(II) sites of Cu/C catalysts derived from MOF for highly selective CO₂ electroreduction to hydrocarbons

In this paper, Proton exchange membrane (Nafion 117), Nafion D520, and Toray 060 carbon paper were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

7. National Science Review Confinement of ionomer for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction via efficient mass transfer pathways

An anion exchange membrane (PiperION-A15-HCO3) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

8. Catalysis Communications Facilitating CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 through facile regulating {100} & {111} grain boundary of Cu2O

Carbon paper (TGPH060), membrane solution (Nafion D520), and ionic membrane (Nafion N117) were obtained from Wuhu Eryi Material Technology Co., Ltd (a company under SCI Materials Hub).

Batteries

1. J. Mater. Chem. A Blocking polysulfides with a Janus Fe3C/N-CNF@RGO electrode via physiochemical confinement and catalytic conversion for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries

Graphene oxide (GO) in this paper was obtained from SCI Materials Hub. The authors introduced a Janus Fe3C/N-CNF@RGO electrode consisting of 1D Fe3C decorated N-doped carbon nanofibers (Fe3C/N-CNFs) side and 2D reduced graphene oxide (RGO) side as the free-standing carrier of Li2S6 catholyte to improve the overall electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries.

2. Joule A high-voltage and stable zinc-air battery enabled by dual-hydrophobic-induced proton shuttle shielding

This paper used more than 10 kinds of materials from SCI Materials Hub and the authors gave detailed properity comparsion.

The commercial IEMs of Fumasep FAB-PK-130 and Nafion N117 were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

Gas diffusion layers of GDL340 (CeTech) and SGL39BC (Sigracet) and Nafion dispersion (Nafion D520) were obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

Zn foil (100 mm thickness) and Zn powder were obtained from the SCI Materials Hub.

Commercial 20% Pt/C, 40% Pt/C and IrO2 catalysts were also obtained from SCI Materials Hub.

3. Journal of Energy Chemistry Vanadium oxide nanospheres encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanofibers with morphology and defect dual-engineering toward advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries

In this paper, carbon cloth (W0S1011) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub. The flexible carbon cloth matrix guaranteed the stabilization of the electrode and improved the conductivity of the cathode.

4. Energy Storage Materials Defect-abundant commercializable 3D carbon papers for fabricating composite Li anode with high loading and long life

The 3D carbon paper (TGPH060 raw paper) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

5. Nanomaterials A Stable Rechargeable Aqueous Zn–Air Battery Enabled by Heterogeneous MoS2 Cathode Catalysts

Nafion D520 (5 wt%), and carbon paper (GDL340) were received from SCI-Materials-Hub.

6. SSRN An Axially Directed Cobalt-Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Polymer as High-Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Zn-Air Battery

Carbon cloth (W0S1011) and other electrochemical consumables required for air cathode were provided by SCI Materials Hub.

Oxygen Reduction Reaction

1. J. Chem. Eng. Superior Efficiency Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Acidic Media through Epoxy Group Adjacent to Co-O/C Active Centers on Carbon Black

In this paper, Vulcan XC 72 carbon black, ion membrane (Nafion N115, 127 μL), Nafion solution (D520, 5 wt%), and carbon paper (AvCarb GDS 2230 and Spectracarb 2050A-1050) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Gaining insight into the impact of electronic property and interface electrostatic field on ORR kinetics in alloy engineering via theoretical prognostication and experimental validation

The 20 wt% Pt3M (M = Cr, Co, Cu, Pd, Sn, and Ir) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub. This work places emphasis on the kinetics of the ORR concerning Pt3M (M = Cr, Co, Cu, Pd, Sn, and Ir) catalysts, and integrates theoretical prognostication and experimental validation to illuminate the fundamental principles of alloy engineering.

Water Electrolysis

1. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Gold as an efficient hydrogen isotope separation catalyst in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

The cathodic catalysts of Pt/C (20 wt%, 2–3 nm) and Au/C (20 wt%, 4–5 nm) were purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

2. Small Science Silver Compositing Boosts Water Electrolysis Activity and Durability of RuO2 in a Proton-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzer

Two fiber felts (0.35 mm thickness, SCI Materials Hub) were used as the porous transport layers at both the cathode and the anode.

3. Advanced Functional Materials Hierarchical Crystalline/Amorphous Heterostructure MoNi/NiMoOx for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution with Industry-Level Activity and Stability

Anion-exchange membrane (FAA-3-PK-130) was obtained from SCI Materials Hub website.

Fuel Cells

1. Polymer Sub-two-micron ultrathin proton exchange membrane with reinforced mechanical strength

Gas diffusion electrode (60% Pt/C, Carbon paper) was purchased from SCI Materials Hub.

Characterization

1. Chemical Engineering Journal Electrochemical reconstitution of Prussian blue analogue for coupling furfural electro-oxidation with photo-assisted hydrogen evolution reaction

An Au nanoparticle film was deposited on the total reflecting plane of a single reflection ATR crystal (SCI Materials Hub, Wuhu, China) via sputter coater.